Clues in a letter

 I try to keep the focus on objects because I think those are more interesting for outsiders, and possibly also more informative for someone on their own research journey, but decided to make a slight derivation for some excellent primary source clues. 

This letter from my Great-grandmother Green to her nephew (?) Harold Weed was likely saved because it contains some family information. I thank whoever tucked it into the rest of the papers I have! 

"Dear Harold and Margaret; 

The little I know of the California connections to the family, I will try to give you a comprehensive report. 

    "Aunt Sarah who was a sister to Grandfather Green was married to a man named Farwell so of course her name was then Sarah Farwell. They had one son who was killed in an accident when in his late teens or early twenties, he was an only child. Mr. Farwell was evidently a man of means so he left enough for Aunt Sarah to live comfortably for the rest of her life. There was apparently very little left of the estate when she died. What remained was divided among the four in your side of the family and Sadie McLean."

Initially I hung on to this because I liked the sample of her handwriting, but re-reading, I was intrigued by the name, so I looked up Sarah Farwell on FamilySearch, which is the free resource that I primarily use. I was able to find several living in California during the period, so I used my other favorite resource GenealogyBank (which is not a free resource) to see if she appeared in any newspapers and narrow down the possible people for my tree. (Darn those common first names!)

I was in luck! I found her name together with one I was familiar with, my great-grandfather Colonel Joseph Green of Seattle:

This is from the San Francisco Chronicle, March 20th 1928. This link meant I could search for Sarah J Farwell in Oakland. (That Sadie E Hodgkins mentioned above? She's the Sadie McLean from Grandma's letter)

Here is a death notice for Sarah J Farwell, also from the Chron, August 1929. 

The Appomattox Relief Corps was the local Women's Auxiliary of a fraternal organization called The Grand Army of the Republic. It was a relief and social organization for veterans of the American Civil War. It also became a political entity during the Reconstruction era. Was Mr. Farwell a veteran of the Civil War? 

I still needed to verify other items in the letter--for instance, the death of her husband, and son. Well, via FamilySearch I was able to determine that her husband and son were both called Fred or Freddie, and that Fred Jr was born Jan 1, 1987. Here is a snippet of the 1900 census for Oakland that has the family on it : 

You can see Fred as Head of House, Sarah, and Fred Jr. listed, as well as a domestic servant (also named Sarah, also from England). Further in the page, which I did not select as these are hard enough to read anyway, there was a column for number of children and number of live children had by a mother, and for Sarah it was listed as two children and only one living. in 1900 she would have been 40, and Fred Jr only 3. Perhaps she had a difficult time with pregnancies.  A fun detail--if you look below, you will see the Mclean family are neighbors? That is her sister Clara! 

I was sad to confirm poor Fred Jr's fate. At 18 years of age he died of a skull fracture after winning a motorcycle race in Sacramento. 

I haven't yet found as much detail for the life of Fred Sr, but hopefully that will come. I think it was a great lead that brought me to many new details of my (indirect) ancestors!

Writing and Erasing

 Writing in ink pen is a tricky task if you are not fully sure of some fact or the correct spelling of a word. Now we have white-out and such, but in the early days, one would require the use of an "ink scraper blade". 

This image courtesy of Knife Magazine. The accompanying text describes "A short, double-edged, (usually) non-folding blade on the end of a long tang in a wood or ivory handle, used to “erase” ink by scraping it from parchment, vellum, and paper. Often sold as “Civil War scalpels.” The style that is like a short dagger is, without its handle, sometimes sold to the unsuspecting as a “trade arrowhead”. Caveat emptor." This description probably explains why these are sometimes called "bleeder knives" on resale websites. 

This example of an ink scraper/eraser was an item that came down to me in my gorgeous Colonial Manufacturing secretary desk. Some treasures lived in it as long as I can remember, as storage, and though they probably do not all belong there, I keep them together. This item clearly belongs in a writing desk! 

The sheath comes from Joseph Rogers & Sons of Sheffield, England. It is clearly mismatched, which means there were likely two scrapers at one point.  Rogers and Sons was a pre-eminent knife-maker, starting business in 1724, and being in possession of an excellent reputation of craftsmanship (link). Their items were made under their name until the 1970s or 80s and are now under a different trade name. 

The scraper knife itself has a spear-shaped point and a Rosewood (I think!) handle. Both show significant signs of wear, with sharpening evident on the blade, and much shine and wear on the thin part of the handle, which I think was for smoothing the writing surface back down after scraping it. 

The Miller Brothers started a pocket-knife company in Meriden, CT in 1863:  today it is known as "CutCo". They branched out into pen nibs, but faced stiff competition from their superior English counterparts, until the US government imposed tariffs that made the sale of US-made goods more appealing to local consumers (link). This source suggests the eraser with the Rosewood handle was listed in Miller's catalog starting in 1895, and that previously they had only sold scrapers with bone handles. (As the link to the museum is defunct I can't say if this is correct. Perhaps it is just a sample from that year)

As for dating the scraper, I am not sure. That previous link only suggests to me the scraper was available in that year, not necessarily that it was the first year they were available. This document states that the company was incorporated in 1870 and moved to Wallingford, CT. Then, by 1872, needed to expand again to Meriden, CT (link). This piece has a hallmark that clearly says "Miller Bros" in a curve over the lines "Out of Meriden". So it would be a post 1872 piece. 

The methods practiced and perfected by Miller Brothers, especially mass-producing stamped blades, and attaching them to handles with rivets, so revolutionized the knife industry that they had a hand in putting hand-forged blade makers out of business (link). By 1926, however, they discontinued their knife production and focused solely on steel pens (link). Reading these historical perspectives is interesting, I had a little giggle at the discussion of tariffs to "protect from foreign cutlery". Watch out for those spoons!

I can't say which relative(s) may have owned or used this item. All were literate and maintained correspondence with family. Many lived in the Eastern seaboard around the time this object would have been made and sold, so possibly moved out West with them. Most likely this would have been a Post ancestor rather than Green, as the Green patriarch came to Washington from England via California with no pause on the East coast, as far as I can tell. The Post side includes the ancestor who owned the secretary desk where the item was kept(Rev Henry Attwell Post), so perhaps it belonged to him as well. 

Just a Thimble

 One of my lovely family objects is a Simons Brothers silver-nickel thimble. It came from my Grandmother's house but I have no idea who it belonged to or when. The inside is stamped "USA SBC" and a "7" for the size. I could not get a clear image of the inside as it is very worn.

 Wiki has this lovely etymology for thimble: "The Old English word þȳmel, the ancestor of thimble, is derived from Old English þūma, the ancestor of the English word thumb". The letter thorn is pronounced, "th". 

The pattern is a leaf-and berry ring around the base, with a smooth rim and dimpled crown and sides. This website is a compilation of vintage silver thimble maker's marks, in case anyone has a piece they are trying to authenticate. A tidbit states: "Prior to 1870 silver was scarce and so coins were melted down and the thimbles made of this silver were marked 'coin'". My thimble is not marked coin, and the article goes on to state that the SBC makers mark (as opposed to a shield or other shape) indicates it is a nickel-silver alloy. All I can gather about this piece is that it was made after 1900 which doesn't really help me narrow down whose it might have been!

Simons Brothers is an old US-based manufacturing enterprise, dating from 1839. View more of their history here. They were a family business until 1969, and still produce thimbles today. The book Findings: The Material culture of Needlework and Sewing by Mary Carolyn Beaudry says that flat-topped thimbles are an "American development of the 20th century". 

Related resources: this is an excellent interview with thimble collector Sue Gowan of Australia, and here is her webpage with tons of in-depth information on various types of thimbles. Sadly my item did not seem to be represented there, but perhaps yours will. 

I've got the button

 I've shared one of my button jars before--I have several, belonging previously to various relatives. A few shiny buttons stood out to me as being military, and me being me, I wanted to find out if I could guess who they belonged to. 

Here's the general layout, see how I numbered it to make it easier on myself? Well I did this (and a bunch of research) last October and...forgot everything I learned!

These are the top row, they are what is known as "collar discs". The first one is a domed disc with Ballou clutches on the reverse. The other two are flat, un-bordered, and have Ballou clutches on the reverse, one generic US in block letters, one a caduceus.  This fantastic website helped me guess that these were Type V (5) collars discs and issued between 1942 and 1970. The researcher suggests that the domed option was one that the soldier could purchase, different from the standard-issue flat discs. 

My guess for the Medic's discs is my great-uncle Lawrence D Arnold. From a letter from my Grandmother, (yay, primary sources) she says "Yes I had a brother in WW2 but he was too young to be in active war, he was in occupied Japan and he was a medic rate". He would only have been 17 in 1945, so joining up after the active hostilities had ceased makes sense. I cannot find his military record, and do not want to submit an official request currently because they are still so backed up from their covid employment shortages, so I have to rely on other sources. The crossed rifles for infantry is still a mystery. 

This pin has a screw back and is quite large, 1.5" across or so. It is supposedly the insignia or device for an enlisted soldier's cover (aka "hat"). However, there the clarity ceases. The screw back seems to suggest first World War era, though they appear to show up on some more recent devices in some cases. There is an entire book dedicated to the subtle changes in hat devices in the history of the Army, but at $60 for the ebook version, I can't swing it! However, if you go to this page, it has 4 pages of previews, and I think you can actually see this device as an example on the 4th sample (page 143) that looks very similar! I can just barely make out the text at the top of the page suggesting that the horizontal lines took the place of the diagonal texture, but not the lower part where a time period or other source might be found! Many of the first world war and post-war era devices have textured grounds, but they have cross-hatching or cross-hatches with dots in the gaps. This one has horizontal lines. The only one I can easily find online that looks the same is this ebay listing, though I do not trust ebay sellers to have historically accurate notes on their items unless they back it up in some way. 

Now, for items like this, it could have come to be in the button jar any number of ways: a flea market find, a gift, a family item, etc, so I am not 100% certain that I can connect this to a family member. But it is nice to make the attempt!

One family member I am certain had a role in WW1 was my great-great grandfather, Archie A Arnold. Despite being an American citizen by birth, he served with the Canadian Expeditionary Forces as, at the time, he lived in Saskatoon. 

I believe he is on the left here. This little button was also in the jar, and I think its a treasure. 

It is very small, about an inch across, and has an image of the Royal Coat of arms. This is a General Service button! After 1902, all service members in England and Canada had this on their uniforms, with a few special exceptions. This particular one was made at Smith and Wright Ltd of Birmingham. Based on the maker's mark, the oldest it could be is 1890. I'd like to think this was on of Archie's buttons!

From the first photo, I have guessed that buttons 6 and 7 are modern reproductions, one is a repro Hessian button ("Spes Nostra es Devs") and the other looks like a more modern decorative button. 

Keeping time

This metronome lived on top of my Grandma's piano for as long as I can remember. It used to have a door, but cohabitating with various cats (who, as everyone knows, own all high-up spaces) has caused it some damage over the years. It is also missing its base cover. 

 There is some grandfather sign here--the small piece of metal wrapped around the base of the upright is a sure sign my eternally-tinkering and fixing grandfather had a go at stabilizing it for some reason. 

This metronome, or as I have recently learned, "Metronome de Maelzel" as they were often called, despite not all being made by Maelzel, is a J.T.L product, or more properly by instrument maker Jerome Thibouville-Lamy. The lutherie and instrument-making families of Europe seem to be rather interconnected, and his was no exception. Rather than being a luthier or bow-maker himself, he was more of a business-man and distributor, selling makes from various ateliers.  More history here. 

This piece still works, and I do have the key for it. You can see the inside, serial number is plainly visible, as well as the words "New York", and instructions for how to ensure the device keeps good time. However I have not found any catalogs or listings to compare. The only thing I have been able to establish is that JTL's time in New York was fairly limited. That listing states that JTL's son and partner opened an agency branch in New York in 1889 at #106 Mercer street. Also, that the listing only lasts until 1909--was it closed down? Perhaps. But that is a short window of 20 years for the item to have passed through New York. Unfortunately for me that gives me more questions than answers!

This page is from "The Musician" magazine, second volume, which Google says is from 1897. The top center advertisement is for JTL metronomes, imported from France, through Hatch Music Company in Philadelphia, PA. My great-grandfather Henry A Post lived in PA for some time, perhaps he is the link here. 

This image is from "The Etude" Vol 14, issue 4, from 1896. This ad on the left column, middle ad, has JTL metronomes imported through Theodore Presser, Philadelphia PA as well. (Both magazines fully readable through Google Books--very cool). These ads precede the opening of JTL's New York offices, but indicate a popularity and demand for the items in the US. And it could be bought for $3.00, which is about a hundred of today's dollars. 

JTL badge visible on the parchment here as well as on the label inside. My grandmother was quite the musician, learning piano and vocal music as a young lady and giving recitals her whole life. As an adult she sang in the Bach Chorale and South Seattle Community College choirs as well as at her church, St Johns, right up until she died. Her piano is now with one of my second cousins, which is really nice. In the photos above it is pictured on my Mellville-Clarke which is a player piano (minus the player guts) from 1901...that I don't know how to play! (It is not a family piece) Someday I will learn. (I played orchestral music as a young person and guitar as an adult and sing, informally now)

If you have a metronome you suspect might be antique, this website might be helpful. 

I hope to make more of these posts as I enjoy them and want to share my beautiful old things. 

Junior Birdmen

In a box of trail and topographical maps (my grandparents were great outdoorsfolk) was a small cellophane envelope. Inside was this Seattle Times clipping from Thursday April 14, 1937. It must have been special, because the date was clipped separately and pasted to the article. The caption reads: "SMALL BUT PERFECT--Members of Squadron 279, Junior Birdmen of America won squadron honors at the current Exhibition in Miniature. Here, looking over their model airport, are, left to right, Douglas Post, Carl Jordan, Gene Hawkins, Commander Malcolm Post and Capt. Etta Belknap. (Story on page 22)"

Malcolm was my grandfather, Douglas his brother. Both went on to have experience in aviation and avionics, and it is so wonderful to see them here. Per Wikipedia, the Junior Birdmen was formed in 1934 by the Hearst newspaper chain and related corporations. It was short-lived, however, and became defunct by 1939. 

The pin I happened to find in a box of small, miscellaneous treasures from my grandparents' house that I am still trying to decipher. Having noticed it first, then finding the article, was serendipitous. 

Douglas flew and trained other pilots in the Army Air corps during the war. Malcolm was a low-level operator at Boeing before the war. Both utilized the GI bill for their education, Malcolm then returned to Boeing for a career there. 
 

A Delightful Object

 Pens are wonderful. They are both utilitarian and beautiful. This pen I remember from my childhood, or one like it, rolling around the drawers in a huge secretary desk at my Grandma's house. That desk, which is gorgeous dark mahogany, sat in the corner behind the sofa and contained TREASURE. Photos of people I didn't know, papers, little bits of things having to do with writing, etc. Well, you'll be pleased to know that desk lives at my house now, where it will be hopefully loved for further generations. (I believe it belonged to Henry Attwell Post and Edith Mabel Workman Post, possibly part of the set they purchased in Cuba on their honeymoon, but I am not sure).

This pen looks a bit goofy now. I believe the cap was lost for a time, stored separately, or actually belonged to a different pen. Otherwise they should have faded similarly. This is a Sheaffer Lifetime pen in Jade, which was a pretty big deal in the US when first invented. It has a14k gold nib and a lever on the side to refill the sac. This one was made between 1923 and 1927. I dated it using this handy article that described how the pens changed over time. The barrel is celluloid, and apparently quite easy to catch on fire if overheated. This one does not write, the sac inside was brittle and shattered when I tried to operate the lever. I am planning on sending it out to hopefully be repaired. 

The most special bit though? The top photo shows the barrel has been imprinted "JOSEPH GREEN" who was my great-grandfather on the other half of my maternal side. (the other photo has patents dates on it, which was useful dating material). This pen was expensive at the time, $8.75 which is $100 today, and they had a lifetime guarantee indicated by the "white dot". I imagine it would have been given to him as a gift, seeing as how his name is imprinted on it, and knowing the value. This is probably the reason it was saved. 

So what was Joseph doing during those years (or later) that might have resulted in this gift? I'm not terribly sure. I don't know as much about him as I'd like. 

The 1920 census has him living at home with his parents in a very large household with extended members in the South Seattle area (Dunlap, or various parts of what we would today call Columbia City). At this time his work is listed as accounting, for a manufacturing company. On November 14, 1923 he married Olive Rose Danner in Wenatchee. The marriage documentation lists him as being a bookkeeper. (Previous documentation, in this case the WWI draft registration, lists him as a bookkeeper for Smith Cannery in Seattle). My grandmother Barbara was born in 1929, and the 1930 census has them living at 640 75th st in Seattle, the house I grew up going to to visit my great grandma. His occupation was still listed as a bookkeeper, this time for a steel company. 

Given the high cost of this item at the time and the fact that it is inscribed, I am guessing he was given it for his work at one of his jobs, possibly as a parting gift. Maybe leaving Smith for another company caused him to be given this gift of note. 

Joe is in the middle here, Olive on the right. The other lady shows up in a lot of photos, but I'm not sure who she is. Hazel? Marion? Maybe I'll find out someday. 

Orphans

 My great-great grandparents, Oliver Newton Danner and Eva Pearl Haworth from the previous post with the marriage certificate, were both orphans. Oliver was born 27 Aug 1860 in fort Wayne, Indiana, but I find no birth information to prove that (that datum comes from Find-a-Grave, I haven't sourced an Obituary for him yet). The first reference I can find for someone of his name and approximate age is in the 1870 census for St Mary's, Adams County Nebraska. There is an Oliver Danner listed as a "Farm hand" for the Frank Braddock family. He would have been 9 at the time, and would not have been born for the 1860 census. It lists his parents as being from Ohio and that he attended school. 

I have a family-drawn chart made by an aunt from many years ago, and it states that Oliver was a "civil war orphan and bound boy". I have not been able to prove this at all, but it would make sense with his work for the Braddock's. There was a great deal of paper in my files about some other Danners, presumably the potential parents of Oliver, but I don't have a great deal of confidence that they are correct. Clearly my grandfather or grandmother thought it was possible and printed them out. The William Danner in question served in the civil war and by all appearances looks like a possible link, but I believe this person lived to a ripe old age and had four daughters only. (There are many many William Danners to choose from in this time and area, so its possible there is a correct one but I just don't have enough to say!)

hand-drawn chart

Another point against the above was that Oliver's Death Certificate stated that his parents' names were Unknown. I don't know the protocol for filling out death certificates in the 50s in the state of Washington, if they relied on self-reporting or family members reporting, or if they used other data to fill in. 

Do you use GeneaologyBank as a reference? I am tempted, but it is a bit pricy for how sporadically I do research. I have had some success finding references to Oliver, but nothing for his obituary. There is an article in the Spokane Chronicle for June 3, 1933 titled "Fourteen Escape as Bus Plunges" that describes the survivors (and one fatality) of a bus crash on Blewett Pass. One of the survivors was an Oliver Danner of Wenatchee, which matches. Imagine living in the Great Depression and having your daily struggles punctuated by a near-death experience!

Eva Pearl Haworth was born January 21st 1871 in Toledo, Iowa. Her Haworth side hailed from England and her maiden side, the Crow family, came from Pennsylvania. Her family all perished in an Easter blizzard, save herself as a two-year-old child. (My child is currently two. This is a hard tragedy to stomach). I have a taped-together set of photocopies of the St Paul Phonograph-Herald from Weds April 22, 1981. The spread is entitled "Who Survived the 1873 Blizzard" and has photos from the Crow family cemetery where the family is interred. 

The top grave marker is for D.F Haworth, his wife Jane (Crow). He was 25, she 24. The lower image is the marker for Eva's sister Ozella, who was just four years old. A caption reads "The victims of the 1873 blizzard were the first to be buried in the Crow Cemetery. The picturesque little cemetery is located at the top of a hill overlooking Spring Creek and the North Loup river approximately 2 1/2 miles north and one west of Cushing"

Further text details the tragedy: "A visit to the Crow Cemetery near Cushing Friday with Gertrude Fredrickson to discover and photograph the graves of the Haworth family, who died in the April 16, 1873 Easter blizzard was a success. But further research into what happened that day has resulted in more questions left unanswered than answered. 

"All four accounts are different on who died, how old the children were, and even on how many children the Haworths had. But they are do agree the victims were the first to be buried in the Crow Cemetery located 2 1/2 miles north and one mile west of Cushing on the property being homesteaded at the time by Mrs. Haworth's parent, the Matthias Crows. The cemetery is located high on a hill overlooking Spring Creek valley and the North Loup river. 

"After a search of the cemetery the graves were discovered. From the inscriptions on the tombstone marking the graves the victims were D.F. Haworth, 24, his wife Jane E. Haworth, 24, and their four-year-old daughter Ozella R Haworth. The date of death was listed as April 16, 1873 with the following inscription found at the bottom of the marker: 'All perished in the Easter storm of 1873.'

"An article on the blizzard was published in the June 19, 1919 issue of the Phonograph and was a reprint of a story written by Clark Perkins in the Aurora Republican. Perkins had visited the Crow Cemetery on Decoration Day (Memorial Day) in 1919. While at the cemetery he saw the graves and was given an account of what happened by the local residents. 

"According to Perkins the Haworths had two children and their homestead was located approximately two miles up Spring Creek from that of the Matthias Crow homestead. Perkins wrote that a baby girl, cuddled in her mother's arms, was the lone survivor. Perkins wrote that the mother's body was found in a snowdrift, the body of the other child (a boy named Ollie) was found nearby, and the father's body was found on the other side of the creek. He told of their being buried in the cemetery and said one of the graves was that of Ollie, and infant. 

"Perkins wrote of the survivor, 'The little girl, Eva, was raised by her grandparents, married a young man named Oliver Danner and accompanied him to the Pacific Coast. She was a handsome girl and a belle of the neighborhood. It is said her her Grandmother Crow refused to leave the home place from the time of the Haworth tragedy until the family moved away thirty years afterward'. 

"Rose Blazek wrote that the Haworth's had two children, four- and two-year-old daughters. She said that the parents, Mr. and Mrs Dillon Haworth, and the oldest daughter died in the storm, with the two-year-old daughter found alive huddled beneath her mother. 

"The most detailed accounting of the storm appeared in Jessie Braddock's "Our Happy Homestead Days". She wrote that the Haworths had three children, among them a three-year-old girl and a new baby girl who was just a few months old. The Haworths were in the process of building their sold home and were living with her parents. Mrs. Haworth decided to take the children to help her husband with the house, which was partially covered by the roof. According to Mrs. Braddock the day began as a typical warm April morning, but it soon began to rain and and then turned to heavy snow with high winds. She speculated 'They must have have decided to stay in the unfinished house till the rood blew off and there was little or no protection. The little girl was wrapped to the mother's breast with a heavy shawl. The baby was carried by the father. They started for her parents' home about a mile and a half away'. She theorized 'At first they went hand in hand and as they mother tired the father must have decided to go on with the baby and reach home and return with her brothers and bring them all home. But fate decreed otherwise. He became lost in the storm and missed the place and walked on and on'. 

She wrote that Mrs. Haworth's brothers became alarmed the next morning and 'went plunging through the great drifts in search of them when they found the rood off and the house filled with snow'. They found the mother and child first. She related that the child stirred and opened her eyes and said 'The baby is dead and now we have to go'. Mrs. Braddock wrote 'That was all she ever would say about it' That could be interpreted as the child died or that she would never talk about what had happened. 

"Neighbors helped in the search for the father and baby. Braddock wrote 'Days passed and finally on a hillside with the baby still in his arms they found them'. 

"Mr. and Mrs. Clifford Jensen farmed near the Crow Cemetery for many years, and they have no retired to St. Paul. They said that many years after the tragedy the lone survivor, a son, returned to the Cushing area in search of the graves of his parents and sister. Mr. Jensen talked to the man just as he was about the climb the hill to the cemetery. Clifford recalled from the conversation he believed the Haworths had only two children, with the survivor an infant baby boy. 

"How many children did the Haworths have? Was on child left at the home of Mrs. Haworth's parents that day? Was the survivor an infant, or an older child, a boy or girl?"

Sorry for transcribing that in toto, but I found the entire story amazing and emblematic of the difficulties in recreating any historical story. A total gem jumped out at me--the name Jessie Braddock! I had never put that together with the name of the Braddock family above and will certainly delve into that story. So here is Eva, an orphan raised by her grandparents, and Oliver, an orphan raised by an adoptive family. Did their experiences with family tragedy lead them to meet and marry? And did it encourage them to eventually have six children to be surrounded by family?

A lovely Certificate of Marriage

 I wish my documents were all this nice (apart from my diploma, I guess). Gold leaf, lovely handwriting, definitely a frameable piece of paper. 

It reads "This certifies that on the eighteenth day of December in the year of our Lord 1888, O.N. Danner Esp and (??) Eva P. Haworth were by me united in marriage at St Paul, Nebr. according to the Laws of the State of Nebraska.   Rasmus Hannibal, County Judge"

I can't make out the honorific/title before Eva's name--Mrs? Does that look familiar to you? When they were married she was just 17 so I doubt she'd had much time to get previously married and widowed. 

Random lore: Oliver Newton, my great-great-grandfather, was a left-handed person who was "corrected" as a child. His daughter Olive was also left-handed, and he threatened her teachers that if they tried to "change" her, he would stand outside the classroom window and make sure they didn't do it!

Due to the existence of this certificate, I learned that Oliver was a lawyer. At least, that's what wikipedia says an American using "Esq" means. However, I don't know very much about him, at least for now. I haven't hit any dead ends yet in my research, but this might be one!

I went home to look through some actual papers I have rather than just doing web-based searches and found some very helpful things that will become their own post. Suffice to say for now that it was not a dead end, and to remember to use a variety of sources in research in order to not get bogged down.

Serendipitous Findings

 The other day I had just finished emailing an aunt about my grandfather's war service record when I had a very lucky strike on The Googles. I came across this Ebook written by Leonard H Cizweiski and Donna Burolla (as best as I can tell, there is no attribution page!).

Here is the book. The unit is the 32nd Machine Records Unit. I had heard his job involved early computers, and he had come to my class in 6th grade to talk about his service but sadly I have absolutely no memory of this! So how pleased was I to discover this deeply personal account. The book is based on the diary of Otis F Wollenberg, and contains photos of the soldiers, little biographies of each, fragments of letters (not attributed though), an account of the locations they passed through, and how their job worked during the war. It was such a valuable resource I wanted to make sure to share it for others who might be interested. 

Here is the blurb about Malcolm "Our junior repairman from Seattle is uniformly interested in all things mechanical and chemical. He is especially interested in building model planes and in photography. His civilian job was IBM Operator for Boeing in Seattle. His father is an Episcopal minister there. So far he is unmarried, but most girls fall for him if given a chance". This is so funny, given my memories of my grandfather as a quiet nerdy guy, but his young fellow soldiers saw him as quite the ladies' man! Of course I knew about the model planes and I have one of his old cameras now, but some of this was new to me!

Apologies for the poor quality of the photo, I took a phone photo of a computer screen since I'm awful at remembering how to sccreenshot on all my various devices. 

Machine Records Units utilized early IBM computers to punch and count punched cards to produce reports for command. They were crucial to the flow of correct information and worked in 'round the clock shifts to make sure nothing stopped the signal. Here is an overview of MRUs from Peter E Greulich, and another from Charles M Province about his personal experience with MRUs. 

My grandfather worked for Boeing up until 1943 when he enlisted, and it sounds like this unit was made specifically for folks like him, as the unit was comprised of insurance actuaries, accountants, bookkeepers, and data specialists of all kinds. At that point he was listed as a machine operator, so he may have been familiar with this type of machine. After the war he got his electrical engineering degree via the GI bill, and returned to Boeing. 

The most fun photo--when I saw this, I laughed out loud!

It is captioned "Post taking a helmet bath in the apple orchard at St Lo". I laughed because a) he's naked! and b) I had recently seen a very similar photo, of him bathing al fresco on a camping trip with my grandmother for their honeymoon! 

This book is so fantastic, and I have a much better idea of these gentlemen and what they did, and my grandfather's part in it. We had always heard he was "backstage" during the Battle of the Bulge, but now I know they got "battle credit" for being near the lines at Soumagne, quite a bit North of Bastogne. I also read that, after the unit arrived in Germany, they were present at Buchenwald after it was liberated but before all the prisoners had been moved. I had never heard this story and can only imagine what their experience was like. 

Because this unit was behind the lines with HQ, they never had to fire their rifles, and didn't lose men in action, so their unit was very tightly knit. They still experienced privation and difficulty, though not on the scale of front-line combatants, and they bonded and you can tell by the jokes and stories written within. I feel incredibly fortunate that I got this look into their service together. 

I have some photos from 32nd MRU reunions that I'd like to share, but I have no data to go with them yet (like, WHO are the people in the photos?!) so perhaps I will eventually learn enough to share them with something valuable. 

An alternative blog title: Why I Love Primary Sources

 I love the free resources that are available for research today, like ancestry and Family Search. However, since they are mostly reliant on volunteers to transcribe the documentation, there are lots of errors and such, mostly in spelling. Sometimes the names are spelled wrong and transcribed correctly, sometimes they are spelled right and transcribed wrong in a way that makes sense, and sometimes you wonder what the person was thinking. One of my ancestors, Genest, a male, was recorded in a census as a "Janet" and had the wrong sex. Census on either side had a person of the correct age and in the correct birth order named Genest, but that one particular one he must not have been home, and the recorder just wrote down what made sense to them. Janet is much more common a name than Genest!

So sometimes my searches are frustrated by spelling issues. Henry Attwell Post, my great grandfather, has his second (disambiguating, there are so many Henry Posts!) name spelled with 2 Ts, as I discovered on opening some books that are inscribed to/by him. In searching, I found records with both 1 and 2 Ts, so I was glad to have the final word from the horses' mouth! 

Attwell is Henry's mother's Maiden name, her name was Mary Josephine Attwell. Unsurprisingly, I found records that list her as Mary Josephine and as Josephine Mary. Hopefully something definitive will come to light. Henry is unique for his era in that he was an only child. The above and below texts are dedicated to him from his Aunt Catherine/Cassie, who was listed as the head of household in the 1900 census for New York. This is dated 1902, Christmas. Cassie was a schoolteacher and not married. The books she dedicated to him are part of the Little Women series, which I read many years ago. I hope he enjoyed them as much as she hoped he would! I love getting books for Christmas.

One of the other two books he inscribed himself, I must not have taken a photo of that one which defeats the purpose of this post slightly. However I can still state how much I love primary source info, and give big thanks to one Mr Guthrie at Shorewood high school for beginning that knowledge journey for me. 

A Bit of a War Story

My great-grandmother Olive (with whom I share a middle name) was the only girl in a family of six children. The family lived on both the East and West sides of the Cascades, the family finally settling in the Wenatchee area, Malaga specifically. I haven't delved into property records to see if the location of their orchard is able to be found. Many of the family members spent the majority of their lives in the area, although not all. Frank Chester Danner was the second oldest son of the family, born 10 Oct 1892 in St Paul, Nebraska. Initially I had found his World War I draft information via FamilySearch, and did some scrounging to find that he did die in France on 10 October (his birthday....) 1918. As Armistice day is coming up, Nov 11 1918, he was very close to making it home alive. And indeed his older brother Roy who was also fighting in France did make it home. They may have even been on the same fields of battle. 

Frank's VA Index card lists him as being in Company D of the 361st Infantry. This fantastic History Link article says that the 361st Infantry was Washington State's main fighting force, and was known as the "Wild West Division". They trained at what was then Camp Lewis (today Joint Base Lewis-McChord) and fought in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, which was the final push to neutralize German forces at the end of the war. Initially I had guessed Frank had died in France, and then found his name listed in "United States World War 1 Expeditionary Forces Deaths" to confirm. Then I got this excellent article from the treasures in my grandmother's house. As always, the details are brought to life by the recorded story of a survivor. I don't know how well you can read the image, which I believe is a photocopy from the Wenatchee World newspaper. 

"Early on October 10th the Infantry began to push North. The woods provided good cover and the men had learned how to avoid the worst of the dangers, but it cost men to get the next mile. Private Frank C Danner, who was drafted from Route 1 out of Everett, but who's mother now lives in Wenatchee, was in an advance party of 14 scouts with two corporals and a sergeant that on the morning of October 10 went forth toward hill 288 with instructions to get into contact with the front German line. Danner was to bring back the news, and in about two hours he returned with news and with a package of German hardtack, from which he gave some to sergeant Alfred G Graebner of Girrodl, ID. He said his party had run into a lot of German equipment and that the Hun seemed to have gone in a hurry. He borrowed a drink from Graebners's canteen and set out again to rejoin the scouts.

 "When Danner was killed, the scouting party of 17 was up in the hill 288 horseshoe, with machine guns on three sides of it, those in front not more than 200 feet away. The men were almost in the barbwire at the bottom of hill 288, Sergeant Raymond Best of Densmore, Kan. had should a German snipper (sic), and Corporal Peter Colter of Reno, Nev could hear the Germans jabbering about it. They were telling one another to keep the machine guns still, except one or two as a blind, until the Americans got into the barbwire, so that they could all be killed there. Danner was about six feet to the left of the sergeant in charge of the party, William M Couts of Camas, Wash. He was resting his head on his elbow and hand. A machine gun from each side opened. A bullet went down in his chest. He said 'My God, I'm hit' and died instantly. 

"The party was then only 200 yards from the southerly crest of hill 288. The tangle of brush saved the party from annihilation".  

The History Link article states the 91st were moved to Reserve on 4th October, but for whatever reason, Frank did not go with them. I will have to look for more accounts of this group, which I'm sure exist. 

 This is a Master's thesis for a Military college degree written by Brian Woodcock in 1998 that has a fairly extensive history of the 91st division of the 361st. He states they went into the Meuse-Argonne offensive sorely undertrained and with no combat experience at all. The aggressiveness of their push through the end of September and beginning of October was disastrous for casualties and morale. Woodcock writes "The 91st had done its best to accomplish its objectives throughout the battle of the Meuse-Argonne. It reached the Kriemhilde Stellung first, the 1st Army objective, but there was no way it could continue forward, or hold its position. It was surrounded on three sides and did not have the support from other units to continue. The troops were tired, and they had captured the town of Gesnes at great loss". (The Kriemhilde Stellung was part of the defenses of the Hindenberg Line)

This document from PBS speaks a little more about Hill 288, stating it was one of the two dominant hills in the region (the other Cote de Chatillion) that needed to be secured when General MacArthur's troops arrived to support on 11 October. It was finally taken on 14 October, so one can imagine the danger the scouts undertook in scoping out this line at the time of Frank's death. 

 I look forward to learning more about this offensive and the experiences of the survivors. Perhaps next installment can cover his brother Roy's experience in France. It is very interesting the difference in tone of the almost diffident Wenacthee World article, and the graveness of the thesis and other coverages of the account. Possibly the desire to cover a local man's death and share his memory caused the writers to stick to a more positive tone. Each time I dive into one of these I learn so much, and its only the tiniest sliver, even of a short life like Frank's 26 years. 

The Wonderful Shapes of Backdoor Keys

 The title is from Dr. Seuss. I have a 16-month-old so there is a lot of Seuss happening. In clearing out my grandmother's house, among other doodads and treasures my mother has a jewelry-sized box of keys. Of course they are generally not labelled, but one was! And I have to say, I never expected something like a plain old house key to be beautiful. 

My mom recognized the address as my grandparent's very first house together. 5416 34th st sw, Seattle. You can see the teeny house, who knows if it is the same as it looked back then, but I imagine it can't have been changed too much, since currently any old house seems to just get knocked down and replaced with an ugly cube. Ah yes, useful but not pretty, just like keys. Russwin hardware is an American company (still exists!) located in Connecticut, and is a portmanteau of the founders Russel and Earwin's names. 

Here's the back. My grandfather lived here before he married my grandmother. His first wife passed from breast cancer and left him two little girls to care for (with the help of a housekeeper), so it was important to marry again. They met through the Mountaineers organization. My aunt told me it wasn't just convenience, they had a connection, and sometimes stayed up all night talking at her mother's house. I have lots of stories like this (and maybe even some love letters!) for another time. 

Save your Receipts

 Can you imagine documentation from the DMV or from your mortgage broker being interesting in 4 or 5 generations? Maybe it would be slightly more interesting to find proof of purchase of a sports car or learning to sky dive. I certainly I was excited to find proof that my great-great-grandfather had a mining claim in Dawson City, Canada.

Family history had claimed (pun intended) that he was a miner who did find gold. I had never quite believed this, as his age didn't quite jibe with the '49 gold rush. Little did I know as a child that the second gold strike was what really made Seattle, and ignited the hearts of treasure-seekers, my ancestor included. I'm referring to Colonel Joseph Green, who was a pretty interesting individual and I have rather a decent amount of primary and secondary source information for him, so stay tuned. (I don't have it all scanned or photographed yet. Real life gets in the way, you know).

This is a photo of a photocopy so the quality isn't fantastic, but it is a "Free Miner's Certificate". This is still something one would need to purchase to have the right to "acquire mineral and placer title", here is how you would go about getting one if you were in Canada today and wanted to go pan for some gold. (view the pdf linked at the very end of the post--this was the first year these certs were required!) The date of issue of this particular document is "9th Apr 98", issued in Dawson. This is to certify that Joseph Green of Dawson has paid me this day the sun of Ten dollars and is entitled to all the rights and privileges of a free miner, under any Mining Regulations of the Government of Canada, for one year from the 9th day of Apr 1898". Modernly it only costs $25 dollars, so this would have been very steep for 19th century people. The certificate also allows hunting, fishing, cutting of essential timber. He needed this certificate in order to do this: 

Although this document predates the above, its likely that he had gotten his certificate for 1897 and it wasn't saved. I am lucky enough that these came down to me! This is a Grant for Placer Mining, stamped Aug 30, 1897. "In consideration of the payment of Fifteen Dollars, being the fee required by the provisions of the Dominion Mining Regulations, by Joseph Green of Dawson accompanying his application number 658 dated 30th August 1897 for a Mining Claim in the Indian Creek mining Division of the Yukon district, more particularly described as Placer mining Claim N* 18 Below on Sulphur (sic) Creek in the aforesaid mining division". This gave him exclusive use of the ground for mining, and to use the water that flowed there in order to do placer mining, which is the mining of alluvial deposits. 

Here is another, for 1898:

This one is a receipt for a Mr HW Mobsely, who's claim was "Placer mining claim N* 19 on Gold River Creek (?) in the aforesaid mining Division". No idea who this person was and why it got saved. 

This one is another for Joseph Green, for a different mining concern. "Date April 18 1898, for a mining claim in The Swedish Creek Mining Division of the Yukon District. Being claim No. 585 above Dis(---)" the rest is not intelligible. It looks like the pen needed a fresh dip in the inkwell. 

This is also for other people, but is appears to be the same claim on Indian Creek as the grant from 1897. Perhaps Col Joseph was working with other miners on the same claim during this time? I'm not sure why he/the family would keep it, but it was clearly important for some reason. 

The miners are AE Griffin and HP Anderson. "30 August 1898, for a mining claim in the Indian Creek mining division being No 18 below Discovery on Sulphur Creek" 

I don't know if its possible that I should get so lucky to find a match to this mining site with just one google search, but "No 18 below Sulphur Creek, Dawson, Yukon" got me some plausible connections. It doesn't seem possible but perhaps it is the same place! One, taken by Frank E Wolfe. Suggested date range is 1898-1901. Could Joseph be in this photo? Or Messrs Anderson and Griffin? 

I wish I could go to the University of Washington libraries and check out the special collections myself! 

Here's another view of the same cabin, you can recognize the large upright timber. 

Another image of what is labeled the same claim but belonging to a Tom Mokelbast at the time, part of the University's collection also. This is a Larss and Duclos photo. 

I have many letters from the Col to his family (and from them to him!) that I need to parse and share but they are copies of the originals and some rather hard to read. (And also hard to read because of the content) Perhaps some will give context and information to flesh out these forms. 

Just another interesting note, a history of Klondike mining records, in case anyone else is on this search.